Crime levels in New Zealand don’t seem to be improving a great deal. This report, Part 2 of a Briefing Note series (see Part 1 here), says that if we are to improve, we need to develop alternative trial, sentencing, and rehab programmes that address the issues in people’s histories and day-to-day lives which make them vulnerable to offending. A survey of alternative programmes that have developed in New Zealand over the last two decades could show the way.